Four Socialist Reformers of Socialism : Alexandra Kollontai, Andrei Platonov, Robert Havemann, and Stefan Heym by John Riser
This study analyzes the careers of four dissidents who opposed the socialist systems under which they lived. It focuses on the influence they wielded and their substantive ideological adjustments. This study draws attention to how Kollontai, Platonov, Havemann, and Heym reacted, respectively, to their disillusionment and to the difficulties experienced because of their politically dissident positions. Their reactions comprised despair and resignation, hopefulness and resilient calm, confident expectation of change, or ironic satire about the uncertainty of it all. In addition, I seek to identify the salient proposals they offered for rethinking the meaning of communism, especially if it were fructified by factors such as greater equality, communalism and openness to diversity.
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